To serve as incentives for scientific excellence, three categories of TUBITAK Awards and the TUBITAK-TWAS Science Award are annually awarded to Turkish scientists for their outstanding scientific achievements in various fields of basic and applied natural sciences.

Science Award - is awarded to scientists who have made signigicant contribution to the advancement of universal science.

Scientific Service Award - is awarded to those who have significantly served the sicence, either by training high-level scientists or by contributing to the institutionalisation of a branch of science or by contributing significantly to the establishment of a scientific institution.

Junior Science Award -  is awarded to young researchers who have given indications of future contribution to science.

TUBITAK-TWAS Science Award - is also annually awarded by TUBITAK and funded by the Third World Academy of Sciences. It is similar to the TUBITAK Science Award.

Technology Award - has been introduced as an incentive for innovation and technology development, and is awarded to companies for their comprehensive technology development achievements. SME Technology Award is awarded to SME’s only.